Difference Between Sex and Gender - 1134 Words

Amongst the many popular misconceptions in today’s society, the in depth differences between sex and gender has grown to be one that is discussed extensively by psychologists and sociologists too. Sex in itself is a more scientific term that explains the innate physical attributes of an individual. On the other hand gender carries a more social tone. Meaning, that it refers to the different clothing, activities, career choices, and positions people hold in society. This essay aims to highlight some of the key differential aspects between these two concepts; while the term sex has been well defined over the years, we learn how the topic of gender managed to rake up an in-depth study as well as gain its own significance in society. To†¦show more content†¦People begin to act in ways that are consistent to their self-conception which is considered gratifying. For example a boy may have the following ideological mind set, I am a boy, therefore I want to do boy things, therefore the opportunity to do boy things (and to gain approval for doing them) is rewarding (Kohlberg, 1966, p. 89). To conclude, sex is the biological factor that differentiates females from males and gender on the other hand is defined by what society considers right and inculcates in males and females that encouraging masculinity or femininity. We can support the fact how gender has gained prominence in the world today through facts such as how gender division of labor in the past was the norm and how it is more of a misconception in certain cultures now. Gender does have a biological approach as well; scientists have researched extensively how the formation of chromosomes and furthermore different sex hormones has an effect on masculine and feminine behavioral characteristics. Along with that, cognitive development which theorizes self-conceptualization to be gratifying and determinant for males and females is also another facet of gender development in the world today and simply justifies how gender has extended its presence amongst us. Reference List 1) Mikkola, M. (2011). Feminist perspectives on sex and gender. Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Sex And Gender871 Words   |  4 PagesWith sex and gender being such a predominate factor in determining our position in society, it is difficult to hinder ourselves from distinguishing certain characteristics and attributes to be masculine (male) or feminine(female). Is is paramount to distinguish the differences between sex and gender. Sex is determined by our hormones and anatomy while gender is the social meanings, behaviors, and expectations attached to a given sex by society (Logg, Lecture Notes, Fall 2015). Generally speakingRead MoreGender Differences Between Gender And Sex1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmany people are constantly categorized to be confused about what their whole life and purpose is, because they cannot be placed in one of the two socially accepted gender categories- male or female. This idea or â€Å"disorder†(Medical Dictionary) is commonl y known as being transgender. I do not think that there are only two categories for gender; I believe that there are people who are not considered to be only male or female, but both. Due to different religions, influences, social structures, and expectationsRead MoreDifference Between Sex and Gender1127 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, the in depth differences between sex and gender has grown to be one that is discussed extensively by psychologists and sociologists too. Sex in itself is a more scientific term that explains the innate physical attributes of an individual. On the other hand gender carries a more social tone. Meaning, that it refers to the different clothing, activities, career choices, and positions people hold in society. This essay aims to highlight some of the key differential aspects between these two concepts;Read MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThere are distinct differences between Sex and Gender. Sex is divided up into two divisions, male or female, based upon their reproductive system. Gender is the notion set by society on what social behaviours are acceptable for males and females, for example the expectation that females are more caring or nurturing than men. Gender can be further divided into two subcategorise: identity and stereotype. Gender identity is the concept that your sex and gender do not have to be the same but can differentRead MoreGender Differences Between Sex And Gender911 Words   |  4 Pages Now in our generation there has been great controversy about what gender you are and what kind of love you believe in. One thing many people fail to realize is that your gender and your designated sex are two completely different things. Not only is there that divide between sex and gender but there is pre-determined rules that everyone is expected to follow that is connected to their specific gender. Because gender is an ever-changing thing for some there needs to be the support for tho se wishingRead MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender1498 Words   |  6 Pagespeople tend to confuse between sex and gender thinking that they’re the same thing. Sex is the two main categories of male and female into which humans and most other living things are biologically divided in. Gender however, is the state of being male or female and typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. Children in the same family have different experiences in their interactions with their mothers and fathers. Such differences may teach childrenRead MoreThe Differences Between Sex And Gender1027 Words   |  5 Pages A major question in social science is the difference between sex and gender. Contrary to popular belief, sex and gender are not the same. Sex is defined as biological differences that make someone a male or female. On the other hand, gender is a social arrangement that defines how to act according to sex categories (Conley 2013) . According to the writer and sociology professor, Dalton Conley, gender is so deeply rooted in social construction that it may seem as a natural structure of humans’ livesRead MoreDifference Between Sex And Gender2324 Words   |  10 PagesDifference Between Sex and Gender and How They Can Define Us A topic that has been heavily discussed throughout this course is the difference between sex and gender. For past several centuries the word gender has been used particularly as a substitute for sex and vice versa. It has proven to be quite a useful term in the past, however, distinctions between the terms sex and gender, in instances where one word would be more proper to use than the other, have not been fully recognized. In most instancesRead MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender2408 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay will navigate the differences between sex and gender through definition and discourse. First I will discuss sex with reference to biology, what it means to possess the parts of a man and of a woman. Within this context I will address intersex people and will examine transgenderism. I will then explore and identify gender through a discussion of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) associated with transgenderism touching briefly on the construction of gender roles. The pape r will criticallyRead MoreThe Difference Between Sex and Gender743 Words   |  3 PagesIn today s society sex and gender seem to have two separate connotative meanings. Sex is a more scientific term that explains physical traits and sexual preferences. Gender carries a more social tone. Meaning that it refers to the different clothing, activities, career choices, and positions people hold in society. A person s social status helps separate or classify the two sexes. brbrSex is the total sum of physical characteristics that distinguish males and females from each other. The most

Animal Farm Human Nature in Animals - 823 Words

Human nature in animals. Was this really shown in George Orwell’s ‘Animal Farm’? In fact, there were several messages about human nature reflected in ’Animal Farm’. The messages that were expressed through many different characters and their behaviours, gave an insight into human nature, and showed many characteristics of it. The idea of equality â€Å"all animals are equal† and socialism would make an ideal society. It would be effective on Animal Farm if it were not for the pigs’ hunger for power or human nature. In Animal Farm, Old Major suggests rebellion, and becoming a place where all is equal. Napoleon and Snowball tried to take action and make this idea a reality. Napoleon seized power and what was going to be a place of†¦show more content†¦Humans steal, whether it be something materialistic, like a pen or subjective, like someone’s time. The pigs showed this characteristic and stole many things. Napoleon stole the lives from the animals he got the dogs to slaughter. He stole Snowball’s Windmill idea. The pigs stole other animals privileges, the equines lost most of their free time as they spent hours labouring , building the windmill. Because of what they stole, the pigs gained more power and ended up stealing from each other. This isn’t what happ ens in a socialist society, so it became clear that because of this it would not work out in a correct manner. Stealing is done because of greed, another human characteristic. All of the animals on the farm were greedy. This included animals that appeared to be victims. The hens went on strike when they were not allowed to keep as many eggs, this was a greedy, selfish act. Because, although it was not what they wanted to happen, it affected other animals who now were fed even less. The pigs were greedy, they had privileges the other animals did not, and they also took away the enjoyment of living in a socialist society that was being worked towards. The equines wanted sugar cubes, and Napoleon got sugar when he was eating at the dining room table, with cutlery. Cutlery, this was another privilege only he had. The animals did not know how being greedy would affect them in the long term, and most of them were not aware of the greediness andShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And Human Nature1051 Words   |  5 PagesCorrupted by Human Nature The paradigms and principles you have created shape your view of the world. The knowledge you have accumulated throughout your life contributes to your attitude towards life. Do you believe human kind is inherently selfish? In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell speculates the evil of human nature. Allow me to unfold for you the influence of human nature before the revolution on Manor Farm and the short term and long-term results of the revolution. Animals were treatedRead MoreComparing Animal Farm And Lord Of The Flies Present Human Nature3587 Words   |  15 PagesCompare how Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies present human nature. George Orwell and William Golding were both writers who were concerned with human nature. They both thought that human nature had been twisted but they had slightly different interpretations of what it entails. George Orwell, who published Animal Farm in 1945, was influenced quite heavily on the Russian Revolution and was portraying human nature to be something that is weak and is easily corrupted through power and money, whereasRead MoreHow Has George Orwell Used Animal Farm to Present His View of Human Nature?789 Words   |  4 PagesOrwell’s Animal Farm is a satirical allegory through which he presents his cynical view of human nature. He uses the animal fable effectively to expose the issues of injustice, exploitation and inequality in human society. Orwell uses the allegory, Animal Farm, to present the story of The Russian Revolution and essentially express his opinions on the matter. By plainly exposing the unjust and corrupt system that is communism, Orwell is ultimately presenting his pessimistic view of human nature. Read MorePower Corruption. It Is A Never A Leader’S Ideal Is To1081 Words   |  5 Pagesgovern separate themselves from whom they govern. In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, George uses an allegorical reference between the animals in the story to symbolize actual humans. In Animal Farm the animals overthrow their human leaders in order to set up a life style where all animals are equal. In their act the very human cruel ideals and practices they revolted against ended up being the same they re-imposed. Animal Farm is an important work of fiction because of its extreme use ofRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1347 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm, the windmill that the animals build symbolizes totalitarian triumph, highlights the novel’s Soviet parallels, and emphasizes various themes and character traits. The windmill reveals the despotic and megalomanic tendencies of the pigs, particularly Napoleon, and the hardworking and naà ¯v e nature of Boxer, the horse. It also brings the themes, such as the abuse of language to bolster power, and the danger of a naà ¯ve working class, to light. Animal Farm’s symbolic windmillRead MoreAnimal Farm Essay on Utopia978 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"THE UTOPIAN DREAM, WHILE NOBLE, IS SHORT SIGHTED BECAUSE IT FAILS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE FLAWS IN HUMAN NATURE.† George Orwells allegorical novel ‘Animal Farm’ demonstrates the rapid shift from hopeful Utopian Dream, to reproachful dystopian nightmare as a result of fundamental flaws in human nature, such as avarice, selfishness and the thirst for power over others. In the novel, the animals are promised a better life if they revolt and institute the system of Animalism, then they are promised a betterRead MorePerfect Society in George Orwells Animal Farm1790 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization, humans have domesticated animals and exploited their labor for personal gain. In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, however the animals take control of Manor Farm from their human overlords and rename it Animal Farm. They decree that on Animal Farm all animals are equal, and instill seven commandments to ensure that the animals stay equal. Throughout the novel Orwell shows the destruction of the egalitarian utopia that the animals have created. He suggests that the flaws of human nature are tooRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigsRead MoreAnimal Farm : All Power Corrupts1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Farm: All Power Corrupts â€Å"Choose a novel or short story or a work of non-fiction which explores a theme which you find interesting. By referring to appropriate techniques, show how the writer explores the theme.† In the novel â€Å"Animal Farm†, author George Orwell explores a multitude of various themes. However, the underlying, ever-present, and arguably the most important theme in the book is power, and the corrupting effect it has on those who receive it. Orwell uses various language techniquesRead More Animal Farm, by George Orwell Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagespiece of satire, Animal Farm. The main targets at the brunt of this political satire are the society that was created in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, and the leaders involved in it. George Orwell successfully condemns these targets through satirical techniques such as irony, fable, and allegory. The immediate object of attack in Orwells political satire is the society that was created in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The events narrated in Animal Farm obviously and

I.T and Hauhaus free essay sample

As they are the competitor within the market, the retailing strategies to be used are similar. Therefore, it is easier to collect and compare the financial data and draw out the conclusion to see which company would be worthier to invest. The report covers the company and industry background, ratio analysis, future forecast of two companies’ performance. 2)Company Background Bauhaus (0483, HK) Bauhaus was found in 1991. It has been listed on HKEX stock market since 2005. There are more than 200 retails store and over corners and point of sales in Hong Kong, Macau ,mainland China and Taiwan,. Apart from selling different foreign brand, liked Cheap Monday, G-Star, EVISU etc, Bauhaus also building the local brand liked Salad, T Tough Jeansmith and 80/20. It is a leading retail store in selling casual wear, especially for jeans item. There are 234 Bauhaus shops in Asia. Using the wholesale strategy, Bauhaus can expand the business from Asia to Western country. In the future, it may diversify its product line like launch more foreign brand to increase its competiveness. I. T (0999, HK) I. T was found in November of 1988. It has been listed on HKEX stock market since 2005. The Group has an extensive self managed retail network extending to nearly 450 stores across Greater China with staff around 4,800. The brands are well accepted in Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, the Philippines and France. More stores will be opened in these places in the future. The feature of I. T retail store is group several brands in a sizable retail location. It owns a number of in-house brands liked 5CM, fingercroxx and X-large, as well as distributing European and Japanese designer’s brands such as French Connection and A Bathing Ape Comme des Garcons, DG, etc. 3)Industry Outlook Hong Kong is one of the fashion hubs in Asia. There are a wind variety of local and international fashion brand locate there flagship store in Hong Kong. The competitive is dynamic and incentive. Hong Kong consumers are willing to spend money on fashion and clothing. As the purchasing power of is high, so the demand of fashion product is huge. According to CIA THE WORLD FACTBOOK, this entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. From this result, Hong Kong is ranking to 37 after compared to 227 countries in the year of 2010. According to the information from Asia Case Research Centre (ACRC), it shows that retail is the 2nd largest sector in the service industry that accounted for 85. 7% of Hong Kongs GDP. Also, The Census and Statistics Department (CSD) indicate that the value of total retail sales in October 2011, provisionally estimated at $34. 2 billion, increased by 23. 1% over a year earlier. Analyzed by broad type of retail outlet and comparing October 2011 with October 2010, wearing apparel increase 14. 6%; footwear, allied products and other clothing accessories increase 11. 3%. This data proofs that the demand of fashion items is huge and purchasing power in this region is relatively high. Besides, tourists come to Hong Kong are increasing each year; they bring with high purchase power in fashion items, especially those Chinese tourists. According to the statistics released by the Immigration Department, about 800,000 to 900,000 Mainland visitors travel to Hong Kong monthly. It shows that Hong Kong’s market has a huge potential development chance. According the data of Hong Kong government, the sales revenue of retailing business has a growth during April of 20010 to Feb of 2011. It is because the economic environment is better than past year. Hong Kongs GDP fell in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but a recovery began in third quarter 2009, and the economy grew nearly 6. 8% in 2010. In addition, China’s economy growth fast, the performance of its economy growth is greater than the other country. And Hong Kong’s economy is influenced by China very much. In the future, we can see that Hong Kong’s retailing business will growth rapidly. It seems a great chance to develop the retail business; however, there are some risks on the growth of fashion retail business in Hong Kong. Nowadays, Globalization is a hot topic of the world, more and more foreign brands enter in Hong Kong market, such as GAP, Forever 21, Zara, HM and Monki, etc which provide good price and trendy design merchandises. They regarded Hong Kong as the stepping stones to go into the China market. With more branding in Hong Kong, the competition between them is becoming more intensive and serious. Therefore, the local fashion retailers have to build up their competitive advantages to withstand the impact from those foreign brands. Also, because of the inflation of Hong Kong and China, the cost of the materials, labor and transportation is getting higher. Garment manufacturing is a labor intensive activity. The cost of garment is mainly from the increasing labor cost and transportation cost. In order to deal with, the retailer probably need to order more amount of quantity each time to achieve the economy of scale, so the cost will be lower. Furthermore, as we know that Hong Kong’s rental price of shop is the first three expensive in the world. The rental price has been increasing rapidly in the recent years. From 2010 to 2011, the rental price was increased more than ten percent. So, rental price of the store is a core cost of any business, especially fashion retailer as it needs a large space for displaying and storing the products. The rental cost affects the profit of the fashion retailers. To conclude, Hong Kong fashion retail market is still positive. There are many great opportunity for Hong Kong fashion retail to expand its business. However, there are some uncertainty need to be pay attention, such as the entrance of foreign brands and the unstable rental cost. So, the local fashion industry needs to create a competitive strategy to deal with. For example, local fashion retailers can use the attractive marketing strategy, liked collaboration with other brands, provide excellent customer services and building great brand image. 4)Ratio analysis i) Test for profitability I. T (in HKD 000)Bauhaus (in HKD 000)* a)Return on Equity (Net income / Average stockholders’ equity)416945/[(1843212+1477723)/2] =25. 1%25. 1% b)Profit margins (Net income/ Net Sales)416945/3834422 =10. 9%11. 4% ii)Test for liquidity I. TBauhaus c)Current Ratio Current Asset/ Current liabilities1873282/1012495 1. 85%3. 3 d)Quick Ratio (Current Assets- Inventory)/ Current liabilities(1873282-736717)/1012495 =1. 1%1. 7 e)Inventory Turnover Cost of goods sold/ Average Inventory1405482/[(736717+394520)/2] 2. 52. 0 iii)Test for Solvency and equity position I. TBauhaus f)Debt/Equity Ratio Total liabilities/ Total stockholders’ equity(1012495+429852)/1843282 0. 78(149 7+126461)/494938 0. 26 iv) Market test I. TBauhaus g)Price/Earnings ratio Current Market Price per Share/ Earning per Share4. 88/0. 33 =14. 82. 98/0. 32 =9. 3 h)Dividend Yield Ratio Dividends per share/ Market price per share0. 146/4. 8 =3. 0%0. 177/2. 98 =5. 9% *Quote from annual report* Two financial reports announced in different date- Bauhaus- For the year ended 31 March 2011 I. T—for the year ended 28 February 2011 i )Test for Profitability Profitability is a primary measure of the overall success of the company. This is a class of ratios that are used to assess a business’s ability that generate earnings compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred. To determine rather the company is valuable for investing or not which need to get high profitability when compared with competitor’s company. However, in fashion industry, the sales revenue is seasonal. For example, the sales revenue is much higher during Christmas and Chinese New Year in Hong Kong. So, we should not compare the retailers fourth-quarter profit margin with the profit margin from the same period a year before because it would be far more informative. a)Returns on Equity This ratio indicating how much income was earned for every dollar invested by the stockholders. ROE can reflect if they have used the money that invested in the company to generate much more income. If the ROE is low, it shows that the returns of the investors will not be high. And the company doesn’t utilize the resources that they have invested. Two companies have a similar result of this ratio. Both two companies can generate about 20% of income using stockholders’ equity. It is because retail store is not very high investment to enter the market; it has higher ROE when compare to other industry liked Construction Company. In order to measure the company is worth to investing on; ROE ratio should not be lower than 15%. So, two companies are worth to invest on. b)Profit margin Profit margin is an indicator of a companys pricing strategies and how well it controls costs. It is calculated by finding the net profit as a percentage of the revenue. A low profit margin indicates a low margin of safety: higher risk that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss, or a negative margin. The higher profit margin means that the company has a higher ability to generate profit. I. T’s result is 10. 9%, it is lower than Bauhaus 11. 4%. I. T should minimize the expense. Bauhaus has a higher profit margin in 2010/2011. It shows that they have put effort to maximize the profit. Since compared with last year (10. 5%), it has been increased. i) Test for liquidly It is a class of financial metrics that is used to determine a companys ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligations. A companys ability to turn short-term assets into cash to cover debts is of the utmost importance when creditors are seeking payment. Bankruptcy analysts frequently use the liquidity ratios to determine whether a company will be able to continue as a going con cern. c) Current ratio This ratio measures the ability of the company to pay current debts as they become due. It is the important ratio that we can identify if the company has a good cash flow. If the debts recalled but the company does not have enough money to pay it, the company may be asked to bankrupt. On the other hand, current ratio should be in appropriate level. Ratio is too high means the company did not fully utilize the current assets to generate the profit. Bauhaus have a higher current ratio than I. T, it means Bauhaus’ ability of returning the debts is greater than I. T. It can more utilize current assets to generate more income. It shows that they have $3. 3current assets for returning $1 of current liabilities. Investor need to concern the ability of a company that utilizes the current asset. I. T has a lower Current ratio than Bauhaus. However, it is enough ability for them to returning the current liabilities when they are recalled. And it shows that I. T has better utilization of the assets to generate profit. It shows that they have $1. 85 current assets for returning $1 of current liabilities. d) Quick Ratio Quick Ratio is similar with the current ratio with no consideration on the inventory factor. It is more representatives to measuring rather the company can return the current liabilities immediately. The quick assets included Cash, Accounts receivable etc. These assets can return into cash in short time. Inventory will not be counted in this ratio as it may need longer time to return into cash and a risk of cannot be sold. It is a very important ratio for fashion industry, since the trends cycle of clothing is fast, the product may be in today, but out day tomorrow. So, fashion retailer should not keep too many inventories. Bauhaus have a higher in Quick ratio, however, compared with the current ratio, it is a great variation on two ratios. It means that the inventory tied up its current assets. It is not a good issue on a fashion company. They need to bare the risk on high discount of the product when the product is outdated. It will be high losses on the revenue. They can minimize the inventory through different method, liked big sale, buy one get one free and so on. Although the quick ratio f I. T is lower than Bauhaus, it is enough to returning the debts when all the current debts are recalled. e) Inventory Turnover This ratio measure how quick of a company sells their inventory. Higher inventory turnover lead to shorter cycle on inventory. Since inventory is not easily being sold out and transform into cash in a short period, fashion retailer should not hold too much inventory. Since fashion items are easily faded out. If the company store too much stock, the risk of the inventory cannot be sold out will be increase. Also, the expenses of storing will be occurred. Once the inventory is outdated, the company needs to sell it in a large mark down price. The profit of the company will be affected Since Bauhaus have a lower level on inventory, its inventory turnover will much slower than I. T. It may tie up the capital if the inventory cannot be sold. So, company should reduce the level of inventory. I. T has a greater performance on inventory turnover. It shows that they have shorter cycle on inventory. So that it is much easier transforming inventory into cash. iii) Test for Solvency and equity position It’s a set of ratio that to test the company can be able to meet it long-term repayment responsibility. It provides a measurement of company can continue to meet its debt obligations. f) Debt/ equity Ratio This ratio measure a companys financial leverage calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. I. T’s result is 0. 33, shows that $0. 33 liabilities that exists for each $1 invested by the owners. It is a very low value. Bauhaus’s result is 0. 21, which is lower than I. T. In the Balance Sheet, we can find out that Bauhaus did not ask for the long term debts from the third party. It shows that they don’t have the interest burden. The result shows that two companies is not using the debt financing to acquire the financial resources, liked selling bonds, bills or notes to the investors. Debt financing is much higher risk than equity financing. As these two companies is listed company, they would like use the equity financing to raise money. And the equity financing method is more safety and no regular interest burden. v) Market Test Market test relate the current market price of share of stock to an indicator of the return that might accrue to the investor. It based on the share markets perception of the company. It can let the investor to know if the company is worth to invest. g) PE Ratio Current Market Price per Share/ Earning per Share This ratio measure the re lationship between the current market price of the stock and its earnings per share. The higher the ratio, the higher the perceived quality of the earnings by the share market. It also shows the future growth of company. If the P/E ratio is too high, it means that the value of the company is overstated. And it is not a good choice to investing on that company. I. T have a higher PE ratio than Bauhaus it means that the quality of the earnings by the share market is higher. It is more worth to invest h) Dividends Yield ratio This ratio measures the dividend-paying performance of different investment alternatives. The higher of result, the better performance. Bauhaus have a higher result, it shows that they have higher dividend-paying performance. If the investor wants to put the money into low risk and long term investment. They can choose this company. 5)Limitation on analyses of ratio Since two financial reports is announce in different ended date. The result may not be accurate. The fashion retail industry turnover is seasonal, like The Chinese New Year of 2011 was in February so the sales turnover must be high in that moment. After that, the turnover will be drop. So, these two companies will in different sales turnover rate. 6)Forecast of the company’s future prospects This part can be divided in to two parts, the 5 years income statement analysis and potential risk of the company. a)I. T The diagram shows that turnover have been increased gradually during 2007 to 2011. Although 2008-2009’s local economy is in down turn, the company still can strive to increase of turnover. It is predict that the company will probably maintain the increment since the economy situation is recovering and the local residents will spend more money on clothing items. The diagram shows that I. T had undergone a decrease on profit in year 2009 due the poor economy situation. And they suffered decrease of financial income. And the operating expense was higher than 2008. After 2009, there was a great improvement on profit. It has six times more profit comparing during 2010and nine times during 2011. It is predict that the company will probably maintain the increment of the profit if it can keep the level of expenses. However, there are some risks have been raised. The operating cost is increasing during these 5 years. Since the rental price is much higher in the recent years. They should adapt different strategy in order to keep the cost in the low level. Another risk is that I. T needs to pay attention that is the exchange issue. Since I. T sources many merchandises from different countries and the foreign exchange is unstable. For example, Japan YEN is much higher exchange rate. However, I. T’s buying office purchase many Japanese fashion brand products. So the cost and price of the merchandises will be impacted by the exchange rate. To deal with risk management, I. T embed a risk alert culture throughout the Group, the Internal Audit Department has implemented an annual internal control risk self-assessment to allow major business units to identify and analyze the risks underlying the achievement of business objectives and to determine a basis for how such identified risks to be managed and mitigated. In the coming future, I. T should pay more attention on risk management in order to prevent suffering from the economy situation and to have a greater growth. Bauhaus Bauhaus also have a gradual increase of turnover during 2007-2011. The increment from 2009 to 2010 was slowly. It may because of the economy situation was still not recovered yet. However, there was a sharply increment from 2010 to 2011. It is predict that, the turnover will be increased faster. Bauhaus also suffered a decrease of financial income in 2009. After 2009, there was an improvement on profit growth. However, the improvement is less than I. T. The diagram shows that the profit properly tends to be increased. Bauhaus also face the foreign currency risk and operation cost increment risk. The Group continuously monitors its foreign exchange position and, when necessary, will hedge foreign exchange exposure arising from contractual commitments in sourcing apparel from overseas suppliers. Generally, the Group introduces conservative strategies on its financial risk management. In the future, Bauhaus will have a great growth. However, in the fashion business market, the information is run fast, the risk is always happen. The company should build up a risk management system to minimize the risk of company operation. 7)Conclusion The financial performance of both Bauhaus and I. T compared in this report is great. And the prediction of their future growth is positive. Thereby, two companies are worth to be invested. The above ratios show that Bauhaus have a better performance than I. T. For the investor that can undergo low risk, so the investment on Bauhaus is more preferable. It is because the company growth and financial debt position is better, and it has a higher dividend yield, and they keep on paying the dividends in last 5 years. For the investor who wants to have higher return, I. T will be a good choice. It is because the PE ratio is lower, so the company still has a great improvement and the share price probably being increased. It’s good for the investor that purchasing the stock in low price and then sold them in higher price.

Foundations of Health and Wellbeing in the Community

Question: Describe about the Foundations of Health and Wellbeing in the Community? Answer: Executive Summary Diabetes is a vast problem for a society. A person dies from diabetes in every six seconds. Mrs. Raymond is a 52 year old house wife and weighs 114 kgs. She felt dizzy when walking, felt thirsty and complained of nocturia. Her blood pressure was recorded at 170/110 mm/Hg. Subsequently she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Normal range of blood pressure is 120/80 mm/ hg and her blood pressure is 170/110 mm/Hg. Mrs. Raymond is extremely worried about her health condition. The lifestyle of Mrs. Roy is not healthy. She is not maintained a proper diet chart and her food habit is harmful for her health. Mrs. Raymond should maintain a proper diet chart. She is not maintaining a proper diet chart for last several years. She is known to eat ready- made meals at least 5 days a week and enjoys cream cakes every day. She rarely eats on time. She has facility to control her body weight and also her blood sugar level. If she wants to utilize all the facilities, her body weight will reduce very s oon. In the other hand she has also the education to utilize the facilities of her community. She has a good community to improve her life style and also to upgrade her health condition. Mrs. Raymond needs a good lifestyle and proper nutrition counseling. By testing the blood sugar level regularly, changing lifestyle behavior, nutrition counseling and pharmacologic therapy Mrs. Roy can be cured. She should follow the proper medication and instructions made by her general physician and also maintain some good nutrition habit. Her excessive body weight is a threat for her health. There is an only solution for Mrs. Raymond is to control her blood sugar level immediately and maintain proper diet chart strictly. Introduction: Profile of a patient: A 52 year old woman is suffering from diabetes last 10 years. She stays in proper Kolkata. Name: Mrs. Roy Age: 52 year Sex: Female Family size: 3 members Occupation: Home maker Marital status: Married Education: Graduate Illness: Diabetes, high blood pressure, vision problem. Ethnicity: Indian. Morbidity data: Diabetes, high blood pressure, vision problem. Income: unemployed. Mrs. Raymond spends her spare time by sleeping. She has not much energy to work in the spare time and she is very inactive. For that reason she is unable to utilize insulin. Insulin is the hormone which is responsible for the diabetes. Some patients are unable to produce insulin and some patients are unable to utilize the insulin. In case of Mrs. Raymond she cannot utilize insulin for her inactive nature and the insulin is stored in her body. She is suffering from diabetes for long time but she is not interested to reduce her sugar level by exercise or any physical activity. She is only take medicine for long time. Now some diabetes medicines are not work in her body system because of the so much use of medicines. She almost lost her vision. Mrs. Raymond is suffering from high blood pressure and her level of cholesterol is high. Her body weight is also excessive. She is a house wife. She has much time for exercise but she did not. Mrs. Raymond has so many facilities for improving her blood sugar level. A person dies from diabetes in every six seconds. Diabetes is a vast problem for a society. All nations (poor and rich) are suffering the influence of the diabetes epidemic. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by a chronic hyperglycemic condition effecting from inadequate action of insulin. An increased amount of glucose in the blood is an indication that diabetes is out of control. It happens when the body cannot use the insulin or does not have enough insulin. Signs of hyperglycemia are great thirst, dry mouth and need to urinate often. For non-diabetic person: Pre-prandial plasma glucose: 4-5.9mmol/L Post-prandial plasma glucose: 7.8mmol/L For type II diabetic patient: Pre-prandial plasma glucose: 4.7mmol/L Post-prandial plasma glucose: 8.5mmol/L Mrs. Raymond is a 52 year old house wife and weighs 114 kgs. She felt dizzy when walking, felt thirsty and complained of nocturia. Her blood pressure was recorded at 170/110 mm/Hg. Subsequently she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Mrs. Raymond is extremely worried. The lifestyle of Mrs. Roy is not healthy. She is not maintained a proper diet chart and her food habit is harmful for her health. She should do exercise daily because of her excessive blood sugar level and also excessive body weight. She should work harder for her excessive body weight. There are many more yoga classes beside her resident. So she should go to yoga classes for her unhealthy condition. Mrs. Raymond should maintain a proper diet chart. She is not maintaining a proper diet chart for last several years. She is known to eat ready- made meals at least 5 days a week and enjoys cream cakes every day. She rarely eats on time. Key Findings: She has facility to control her body weight and also her blood sugar level. If she has knowledge to utilize all the facilities, her body weight will reduce very soon. In the other hand she should has also the education to utilize the facilities of her community. She has a good community to improve her life style and also to upgrade her health condition. Because of her age she is unable to do heavy work (Uknowledge.uky.edu, 2015). Mrs. Roy is very slow and she felt dizzy when walking. She should aware of her health condition which is decreasing day by day. Mrs. Roy is an educated woman. She should have the basic knowledge about the health. The nurse should encourage Mrs. Roy to improve her life style and the awareness about the health. Mrs. Roy needs a general physician for her daily check up. The blood pressure of Mrs. Roy is not in range. She takes medicine for diabetes and high blood pressure. Her mother and two brothers have also been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes ('National Serv ice Framework for Diabetes: Standards', 2015). Obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes is the main risk factors for a diabetic patient. And for Mrs. Roys case all the possible reason of diabetes are present. So she should follow the routine which is advised by her general physician. But Mrs. Raymond has given every indication that she is not prepared to change his lifestyle or to follow the advice the Community Nurse attempts to offer him. The objective is to enable Mrs. Roy to manage his diabetes and optimize her health in the future. Mrs. Raymond is a diabetic patient with obesity and high blood pressure (Nice.org.uk, 2009). Obesity and type 2 diabetes are closely linked. The reduction of bodyweight enhances glycemic control, morbidity and mortality. The most effective anti- obesity treatment is bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery causes long term reduction of diabetes in many patients. Because of the high cost and complications Mrs. Raymond is unable to undergo this therapy. The choice of active drugs for obesity along with diabetes is very limited ('Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment Policy', 2015). Needs analysis: Diabetes is the major problem for Mrs. Raymond. Firstly she needs to control her blood sugar level. Because of diabetes she almost lost her vision. She is very fat. Obesity is not good for health and because of the obesity her blood pressure level is not in the range. There are many reasons for the obesity. In case of Mrs. Roy cholesterol level of her is very high and she is not even doing exercise. She has many facilities to do exercise in her community. She is very inactive because of that she consumes lots of fat. She needs a counselor for her motivation. A community of nurse should take a responsibility for her health improvement. Fig 1: Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improve glycemia and bring a modest weight loss, but there are doubts over their long-term safety. New drugs such as lorcaserin and phentermine/topiramate are being approved for obesity and have humble, salutary effects on glycemia, but again long-term safety is unclear. As per current American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommendations metformine is the first-line medication used for those with Type 2 diabetes. It has an recognized safety record. Patients are guided not to stop their treatment without speaking to their doctor. NICE does not advised the use of drugs without marketing approval. Thus an effect of the choice of EMA, NICE has temporarily inhibited its recommendations on the use of rosiglitazone in this gridline. Fig 2: type 2 diabetes and obesity Discussion: Mrs. Raymond needs a good lifestyle and proper nutrition counseling. By testing the blood sugar level regularly, changing lifestyle behavior, nutrition counseling and pharmacologic therap Mrs.Roy can be cured. In pharmacological therapy glycemic management is a major work by insulin or non-insulin therapy and also the blood pressure manage by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, thiazide diuretic and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Education and self management (nutrition therapy program, weight management, exercise, foot care, and community resources) are very important for initial stage of diabetes. If not controlled, diabetes can influence every organ of the body. Diabetes is the leading reason of kidney failure and blindness. Over time high blood sugar level can harm nerves. As per National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence the marketing authorisation for rosiglitazone has been suspended. The advices for Mrs. Raymond according to the National Instit ute for Health and Excellence guidline are Diabetic education programs. The recording of lipid (blood cholesterol and fat), glucose and blood pressure levels. The detection and ongoing management of -Nerve damage and nerve pain. -Eye disease. -Depression. -Kidney disease. Dietary advice. The use of medications to -Control blood glucose. -Reduce blood pressure. -Improve lipid levels. -Control vascular (blood vessel) disease. The nurse should communicate with the patient. It is the responsibility of the nurse to motivate the patient and encourage for her health awareness. In case of Mrs. Raymond she is very lazy in nature and she has not much energy to do some effective exercise. For her lazy nature nurse plays an important role to initialize her health condition. Nurse patient interaction plays an important role in the health care service. Failure in communication can start negative outcomes. The effective nursing care is the major role for the nurse because a patient and the family of the patient both are totally dependent on the care of nurse. The trust should provide to the patient and their family with a good communication. The proper conversation is needed during the delivery of a report to the family of patient. Here the patient should not be ignored. For this reason the timing and the process of communication is very crucial between the nurse and the patient. There are few factors which are influe ncing the faith of the family of the patient. Those are the eye contact of the nurse, body language of the nurse and tone of voice of the nurse. The family of patient does not remember the name of the nurse but they remember the activity of the nurse during the crucial time of the patient. So nurse should be able to handle the difficult situations of the patient with a quality communication with the family of the patients. People are generally believed that the main reason for the obesity is related to the fatty substances in our daily food habit. Mrs. Raymond is not maintaining proper diet chart. If the diabetes stays for long time it can damage our kidney, eye vision and nerve. So people should take care for their health. Obesity is very dangerous for female. She is also suffering from hypertension. So she needs much more care for her health. Because of her inactive nature she needs a counselor immediately. Normal range of blood pressure is 120/80 mm/ hg and her blood pressure is 170/110 mm/Hg. High blood pressure can cause heart attack or heart failure. High blood pressure can affect our eye vision. Hypertension is very dangerous for a diabetic patient. A diabetes patient has a tendency to gain fat. The economic condition of Mrs. Raymond is not good. She is belonging to a middle class family. She is suffering from diabetes, hypertension and obesity. So it is very difficult for Mrs. Roy to continue her medication. Diabetes is not be cured without proper medication. So Mrs. Raymond is very much worried for her health issues. She is not an earning member. She is totally dependent on her husband. Because of her obesity Mrs. Raymond is not able to help her family economically. There is an only solution for Mrs. Raymond is to control her blood sugar level immediately and maintain proper diet chart strictly. Conclusion: Mrs. Raymond is a diabetic patient with high blood pressure. By changing his lifestyle behavior she can improve his health condition. She should follow the proper medication and instructions made by her general physician and also maintain some good nutrition habit. Mrs. Raymond should follow advice of the doctor. According to my opinion Mrs. Raymond is responsible for her poor health condition. She should immediately meet general physician and should maintain the instructions of the general physician. Apart from the proper medication Mrs. Roy should change her life style. She should not take such foods which are responsible for the diabetes. It is very clear that a proper diet chart is very difficult to maintain for Mrs. Raymond. Her health condition is very poor because of her ignorance. There were many things to do but she was not go for any of them. The danger level of her health is increasing day by day. Her excessive body weight is a threat for her health. She is suffering from type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Her body weight, life style and cholesterol level is not in range. References: National Service Framework for Diabetes: Standards. (2015). Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/198836/National_Service_Framework_for_Diabetes.pdf Nice.org.uk,. (2009).Type 2 diabetes | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg87 Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment Policy. (2015). Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://. Kaku K et al . Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment Policy. JMAJ, January/February 2010 Vol. 53, No. 1 Uknowledge.uky.edu,. (2015).Health Promotion and Health Education: Nursing Students Perspectives. Retrieved 16 March 2015, from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012context=gradschool_diss