Art free essay sample

Gives a meaning of workmanship by thinkers. This paper talks about the viewer?s experience of workmanship from philosophers' perspective and incorporates an examination among Aristotle and Susan Sontag . The paper likewise takes a gander at how we comprehend and decipher workmanship just as how we pundit it. The watchers experience of workmanship through philosophers' eyes, including an examination among Aristotle and Susan Sontag . How we comprehend and decipher workmanship are just as how we pundit it.

5 Essay Writing Tips For The College Student

5 Essay Writing Tips For The College StudentThere are many different factors that go into writing a compelling college essay conclusion. The important thing is to remember these five words in order to maximize your chances of writing a great essay conclusion. Here are those five words:Your main idea is the main thing that your essay will be about. After you've formulated your main idea, you'll be able to write your thesis statement. The purpose of writing a thesis statement is to ensure that you've addressed the subject matter of your essay. You'll then be able to construct the rest of your content with the thesis statement. Your thesis statement will serve as the theme of your entire paper.Take note of your major points, and make sure you include them all. It may be necessary to take a short break between the last two sentences of your essay. Do not worry, though; you'll be back on track very soon. Remember, your students will want to read what they've written again, so make sure yo u have time to take a break here and there.The essay should also contain information about the specific class that you're taking, your teacher, and any other instructors who are in your class. Students will need to know this information in order to complete the course successfully. This gives your students something to look forward to when they come to take your final test.Make sure you give a brief summary of the topic at hand. A good start would be to provide a brief summary of the main idea you were discussing in your opening paragraphs. You don't have to go into a lot of detail with your summary, but it needs to be specific enough to answer the question posed in your opening paragraph.Make sure you answer each question in your conclusion. Do not skimp on providing an answer because your students may get frustrated by your inability to provide them with the right answers. Go through the essay again to make sure you have taken the time to provide every answer. If you find you didn 't answer enough questions, you'll have to re-read the whole essay several times.In your conclusion, write a brief bio for yourself and add some personal information about yourself. Then explain why you're taking the course. Now you can finally move on to the next step, which is writing the body of your essay. As you are writing your body, make sure you use a format that you can write by.Make sure your students enjoy the work you have put into your college essays. There's no shame in admitting that you're not as good as you thought you were. Instructors like to see students being committed to their education, so make sure you aren't afraid to show your shortcomings.

Concept of Representation of Marriage

Acquaintance According with Kate Chopin, marriage is normally abusive. Truth be told, she accepts that even the kindest of relationships have certain components of mistreatment. This is very obvious in Louise’s affirmation that Brently cherished her. What's more, she concurs that he was similarly kind.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Concept of Representation of Marriage explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Katherine Mansfield considers marriage as an association of two friends and family who have one another. It tends to be seen that Bertha wants to hold her significant other Harry on her euphoric night. Katherine additionally shows enthusiastic clashes that emerge in relationships. This paper will contrast the two short stories and spotlight on portrayal of marriage. â€Å"Bliss† by Katherine Mansfield Katherine’s short story describes about a young lady who encounters delight after quite a while of feeli ng cold. Bertha is 30 years of age and she is hitched to Harry. She has a youthful girl with a babysitter. On this critical night, she encounters joy. She feels warm and she needs to see her better half. As indicated by Katherine, she has been feeling cold for such a long time that the spouse had chosen to comprehend. The couple welcomes companions for espresso on Bertha delighted night. She is by all accounts energized at everything. She feels unusually pulled in to Pearl. Be that as it may, she discovers her kissing Harry. Harry had at first professed to loathe Pearl. This confounds her circumstance. She is confounded in light of the fact that she has cherished her significant other at the same time. She has been naã ¯ve to imagine that her significant other was unwavering. Then again, their different guests, Mr. what's more, Mrs. Knight are depicted as cherishing since they meet up for the espresso. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Kate Chopin’s story des cribes about a spouse with blended enthusiastic responses. Louise Mallard is Brently’s spouse. She is said to have heart issue. She lives with her sister Josephine. Her husband’s companion Richard gets data about a mishap, which as far as anyone knows includes her significant other. Richard is worried about the possibility that that Louise may experience the ill effects of coronary episode. Along these lines, he utilizes Josephine to break the news to her. At first, Louise is harmed and she cries over it. Be that as it may, in the wake of taking a gander at herself in the mirror and in the wake of glancing through the window, she discovers faith in herself. She finds reestablished quality of opportunity. Opportunity that she felt marriage had denied her. In any case, in the wake of commending opportunity, Josephine seeks her. They move first floor, where they meet Richard. Unfortunately, Brently shows up as well and Louise surrenders to coronary failure. In spite of th e fact that the specialists said coronary episode was brought about by satisfaction, there is a likelihood that it was by frustration. Portrayal of marriage in â€Å"Bliss† Katherine speaks to marriage in impartial way all through the story. For example, the knights are appeared to share their affection without issues. Indeed, she doesn't make reference to any issues between the couple. In addition, they are depicted to be as one in the gathering, which shows solidarity and togetherness.Advertising Looking for paper on near writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Bertha and Harry don't have a similar encounter. Katherine takes note of that Bertha has constantly cherished her significant other aside from in a sentimental manner. She even notes that they have consistently talked about her chilliness towards her significant other who consented to comprehend. This has presumably drawn Harry away from her. Truth be told, on this portentous day, her rapture returns; she feels youthful once more. In any case, Harry has another lady. Pearl is her dearest companion yet she is in a mystery relationship with Harry. Fundamentally, this marriage needs sentiment and love. Harry is hoodwinked that he can endure his marriage without sentiment. At long last, he undermines his better half. Then again, Bertha denies her better half sentiment, which perhaps prompts him cheating. Marriage is in this manner depicted as an organization with numerous passionate and physical issues that must be in association to move forward. Portrayal of marriage in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† In Kate Chopin’s story, plainly marriage is spoken to as an organization that contains numerous issues. Truth be told, these issues trigger the sentiment of intrinsic mistreatment in marriage. As indicated by Chopin, this is particularly pertinent to spouses in relationships since she utilizes Louise rather than Brently. Marriage is in this way depicted as an enclosure where the friends and family are persecuted somehow. Truth be told, to Chopin, all relationships are severe. For example, Louise admits that she adores her significant other. Also, she accepts that her better half loves her. In any case, she feels sorry for a couple of moments, after which, she parts from passionate abuse. Basically, marriage is depicted adversely since friends and family likewise feel persecuted. As per Louise, her marriage is satisfying, yet inwardly, she is in a confine of inalienable mistreatment. Here and there, accomplices in marriage are depicted just as they need to leave the association. This is clear in Louise’s situation when she celebrates having been liberated at this point her husband’s carcass has not shown up. Likenesses The two short stories have a few similitudes in their portrayal of marriage. One is that marriage includes a few intense subject matters. In Bertha’s case, she enc ounters delight yet her significant other can't take note. Then again, the spouse consents to comprehend her chilliness (potentially) hesitantly since he proceeds to undermine her. Once more, there is a portrayal of ladies to be passionate in relationships when contrasted with men. Bertha and Louise experience the ill effects of intense subject matters while Harry supposedly is alright with his activities. Additionally, Pearl apparently is profoundly upset by her activities rather than Harry. The creators additionally depict union with be brimming with trickiness. Misdirection in marriage is seen when Harry undermines his wife.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Concept of Representation of Marriage explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Deception is additionally seen when Louise praises her husband’s passing. Besides, Bertha insinuates the way that she has never adored her better half in the sentimental manner aside from one merry day. The cr eators additionally depict marriage as an organization of autonomous people. This can be found in the manner each accomplice in the establishment designs autonomously. For example, Bertha feels ecstatic yet she doesn't reveal to her better half. Contrasts Marriage spoke to by Chopin is satisfying while marriage spoke to by Katherine is deficient. This is confirm in Louise’s admission that they adored each other in their association. Then again, Bertha is cold towards her better half aside from on the euphoric day. So also, Harry undermines his significant other with her dearest companion. What's more, while Katherine fixates marriage on sentiment, Chopin doesn't. For example, in spite of the affection among Louise and Brently, she feels abused. On other hand, Bertha’s marriage needs sentiment. End Marriage has been spoken to differently in the two stories. Be that as it may, they share shared characteristics in certain viewpoints. For example, misleading is seen in the two relationships. Likewise, the two relationships contain intense subject matters, which run from persecution to sentiment, among others. The distinctions remember marriage satisfaction for Louise’s case and absence of it in Harry’s case. What's more, Bertha’s marriage speaks to unfaithfulness while Louise’s marriage speaks to reliability. This exposition on Concept of Representation of Marriage was composed and presented by client Jaydin J. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

The AP US History DBQ What You Should Know

Many test takers dread the AP US History DBQ, but there’s no need to fear! By knowing what to expect, you can come prepared for success. AP US History DBQ Format The AP US History DBQ consists of one essay question. You will have 55 minutes to complete the essay, which will count for 25% of your overall exam score. You will be presented with an essay question, followed by a series of documents (typically 7) related to the theme of the question. These documents can be: texts maps photographs political cartoons other artwork You will be expected to use information from the documents as well as your outside knowledge to construct an essay response to the question. Your response should be a persuasive essay and must include a thesis statement backed by evidence. AP US History DBQ Requirements and Scoring In writing your essay, you must: Have a strong thesis statement that directly answers the question asked and takes a clear position Develop a cohesive argument in which you support your thesis with multiple pieces of strong, relevant evidence Cite information from all or all but one of the documents (so if there are 7 documents, you have to use at least 6) For each document, include analysis of its author’s point of view, purpose, intended audience, and/or historical context Include outside information not found in the documents Place your argument and evidence within a larger historical context (contextualization) Make connections between the given topic and another time period, theme, or discipline (synthesis) The DBQ is worth 25% of the overall APUSH exam score. The essay is graded on a 7-point rubric. You will receive one point for meeting each of the above seven requirements. Learn more about the rubric here. AP US History DBQ Strategy You have a total of 55 minutes to complete this essay. It is recommended that you spend 15 minutes planning and 40 minutes writing. Here’s how to spend that time: Read the question carefully. Make sure you understand what it is asking. Some questions have multiple parts. Be sure to address them all. Think about what you already know about the topic before you get into the documents. Read each document and take brief notes (quick bullet point reminders) about the main ideas and arguments. Decide on your argument and draft your thesis statement. Make sure you take a clear position and that you address all parts of the question. Make an outline. Figure out the main points of your argument and devote one paragraph to each. Include brief notes on which documents and outside information support each point. Make sure you follow a logical plan of organization that helps the reader follow your line of thinking as you convey your argument. Write! Follow your outline to make sure you stay organized. Include an intro and a conclusion. Check it over. Make sure you leave yourself a few minutes at the end to re-read and edit what you’ve written. For even more tips on acing the AP US History DBQ, check out our DBQ essay guide.

Metadrama In Shakespeare Essay - 2636 Words

‘Shakespeare’s plays reflect not life but art.’ Make use of this remark in writing an essay on Shakespeare’s use of Metadrama. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare constantly plays with metadrama and the perception of his plays as theatre and not life with the complications inherent that in life we all play roles and perceive life in different ways. The play has recognition of its existence as theatre, which has relevance to a contemporary world that is increasingly aware of precisely how its values and practices are constructed and legitimised through perceptions of reality. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Critic Mark Currie posits that metadrama allows its readers a better understanding of the fundamental structures of narrative†¦show more content†¦This essay examines the various metadramatic constructions that Shakespeare used to achieve this and examines the effect of these dramatic constructs for the audience. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dramatic constructions were written to be presented and understood in performance. The nature of these constructions lies in how they are assembled. How the words work with and against each other – ambiguity, paradox, pun, literary and cultural reference. Some aspects of the works are conscious, some unconscious but the playwright’s intentions do not matter as we the audience view the art first and then the artist. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are certain conventions used in Elizabethan theatre. The audience needs to know how these conventions work before they can accept them. As there were only two or three professional theatre groups operating at the time Shakespeare knew his audience and there is evidence to suggest that he wrote specifically for these people who no doubt kept returning because they enjoyed the way he wrote and the experience of the play. One convention which foregrounds the theatrical is the ‘aside’ where for example Hamlet speaks very loudly so that the audience who may be ten meters away can hear him clearly and yet another person on the stage only three meters away cannot hear a word. The audience accepts this as a knownShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Harold Pinter s The Lover2155 Words   |  9 Pagesconversations. As Burns maintains , by means of theatricality (and meta-drama), theatre can function as an agent of social change , and draw attention not only to itself (as theatre) but also to life , the world , and social institutions. In Drama, Metadrama, and Perception (1982), Richard Hornby sees the relationship between theatre and life from a Structuralist and a Poststructuralist view, in which meaning is carried by a system as a whole. In this sense, each play, relates to other plays as a systemRead More Essay on Narcissism and Metadrama in Richard II2800 Words   |  12 PagesNarcissism and Metadrama in Richard II  Ã‚  Ã‚      Over the last thirty years, Shakespeare criticism has demonstrated a growing awareness of the self-reflexive or metadramatic elements in his works. Lionel Abel’s 1963 study, Metatheatre: A New View of Dramatic Form, provided perhaps the first significant analysis of the ways in which Shakespeare thematizes theatricality, in the broadest sense of the term, in his tragedies, comedies, and histories. In his discussion of Hamlet, he makes the observation—perhapsRead MoreThe Roles of Polonius in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pages Shakespeares reasons behind the creation of such a significant secondary character are important to the play as a whole. Polonius roles add a crucial dimension to the plays development of plot, the characterization of Hamlet, and the themes Shakespeare ultimately conveys. From his first appearances, Polonius seems to be playing the wise old man; he imparts much worldly wisdom to his children--Ophelia and Laertes. In his lecture to his daughter, he claims experience in the matters of love:Read More Politics, Power, and Purpose in Shakespeares Measure for Measure6619 Words   |  27 Pages by virtue of the medium, social and political. Recapturing these social and political meanings, as they existed in the moment of the plays first performance, is the central project of a great deal of contemporary, so-called New Historicist Shakespeare scholarship. New Historicists see the play in performance as a cultural manifestation of issues and concepts being acted out in the society at large. The theatre in Early Modern England (the preferred New Historicist term for The Renaissance)

The Theory Of Act And Potency - 1393 Words

Act and potency and their distinction are an important and fundamental theory in philosophy. It helps approach questions in metaphysics concerning substance, essence, and causation. In this essay, I will be using this theory of act and potency to show how the four causes and the theory relate to each other. Thus, the four causes: formal cause, material cause, efficient cause, and final cause are related to each other and can be explained through the theory and concepts of act and potency. Act and potency are distinct from one another. This distinction is fundamental to Scholastic philosophy. Specifically, the distinction between act and potency is a real distinction which is differences reflected in extra-mental reality†¦show more content†¦Finally, â€Å"act is prior to potency insofar as while there can be nothing that is pure potency there can be something which is pure act. For example, if something were pure potency is would not exist as it would have nothing actual to actualize it.† This concept of pure actuality can then be applied to the concept and existence of God. There are two types of potency: objective or pure or logical potency and subjective or real potency. Objective potencies are things that are possible objects of thought. An example of an objective potency would be a unicorn for there are no such things as unicorns that exist; however, there is a concept of what a unicorn is as we can picture one in our mind and give a description of it. Subjective potencies are what can be thought of and exist in reality. An example of a subjective potency is a pen as it exists physically in reality and we have a notion of what it is in our mind. Real potencies can further be distinguished into active potency and passive potency. Active potency is the capacity to bring about an effect and passive potency is the capacity to be affected. An example of active potency is fire’s capacity to melt rubber, whereas the rubber’s capacit y to be melted is a passive potency. Therefore, Feser says, â€Å"active potency is a power and passive potency is a

Global Change and Domestic Policy Scenarios †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Change and Domestic Policy Scenarios. Answer: Introduction The research report covers a very complex yet a much talked topic, which is the incrementing greenhouse gas emission in Australia. The administration has already shown their concerns for the issue by setting a goal for 2050, which is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas by 80%. There is a need of sustainable energy resources on an emergency basis (Byrnes et al., 2013). Wind has been identified as the cleanest of all the natural resources (Ellabban, Abu-Rub Blaabjerg, 2014). This particular research report conducts a discussion on the existing technology to convert wind into electricity. Moreover, this also discusses the probable technology that could potentially convert wind to produce electricity in large number. The research report is aimed at discussing a potential issue in relation to the production of renewable energy resources in Australia. Moreover, this is also aimed at delivering an innovative solution to counter the challenges. The research report has identified an issue, which Australia is experiencing in producing a much needed renewable energy from wind. The administration has identified the needs to produce the energy from one of the natural resources such as wind. They have also identified that they need to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas by 80% by 2050 to attain a sustainable energy resources (Bryan et al., 2016). Wind is clean and cheaper as well. Hence, this has identified as a potential option to resolve the issue. However, they lack in having a low cost and superior technology, which could reduce the cost of maintenance and could also enhance the conversion of wind into electricity (Azad et al., 2014). The existing wind turbines are heavy in weight, which makes this difficult to transport it to its destination. Additionally, the manufacturing costs of such wind turbines are also very high. There is a need to find an alternate option of the existing technology, which could prove to be cost-ef fective as well as high in performance (Polinder et al., 2013). This is an issue as it is discouraging the required production of energy from wind. The challenges involved in transporting the wind turbines to its destination and the costs involved in its maintenance have both discouraged the Australian administration largely. They have realized the urgency to have a technology that could be comparatively low in costs and easy to maintain. If this happens this will flourish the conversion of wind into energy. Moreover, this will also support the goals for 2050, which is to reduce the greenhouse gas emission in Australia by 80% (Behrens et al., 2012). One of such technologies has been found by the researchers at the University of Wollongong in New South Wales dedicated for Electronic Superconducting Materials. They have developed a new wind turbine, which will be 40% lesser in weight than the existing. They have done this by just replacing the existing gear box from magnesium diboride superconducting coil (Katsigiannis Stavrakakis, 2014). This appears as a potential response for the identified issue in the above section. However, there is a need to have a sufficient investment in purchasing the newly invented wind turbines to support the set goals for 2050. Analyzing the proposed solution by applying McLuhans Laws of Media The proposed solution can be analyzed by the tetrad of media effects derived by McLuhan. The model is composed of four laws, which is framed as questions to reflect upon. This model was developed to understand the effect of a technology on the concerned society. The proposed solution for overcoming the issue identified such as the replacement of hard to carry gear boxes from magnesium diboride superconducting coil needs to be analyzed before implementing this in practice. Nevertheless, the tetrad of media effects postulated by McLuhan is one of such models, which can effectively analyze the effect of the proposed technology on the respective society (Miroshnichenko, 2016). Based on the tetrad of media effects, the proposed solution can be analyzed as follows (Adam, 2016): The proposed technology will enhance the conversion of wind into energy. This is so because it is easy to carry and superior in technology. The solution will displace the existing technology, which is in the form of gear box. The proposed solution is in the form of coil, which is 40% lesser in weight. This makes it easy to transport as well. The technology recovers the usefulness of wind, which was lost in past due to some technological shortfalls. The proposed solution has again supported a fact that wind is cheaper than other resources of renewable energy. The technology can produce wind in large numbers if it is implemented utterly through making significant investments. The identified solution has potentials in it to reinvent the importance of wind in generating energy. Wind is a much cleaner and cheaper option to produce energy from it. If it is supported with utmost investments, the solution thus invented by the researchers of Wollongong University in New South Wales will certainly do wonder for the country. The technology can immensely help the country in attaining its set goals for 2050. Moreover, the proposed solution will play a significant role in providing a sustainable resource to energy. Conclusion Australia has identified that there is a need to have a technology, which could be both cost effective and reliable as well. Moreover, there is a need of technology that could be easily maintained as well as transported to the different locations where it is required to be installed. The research report has probably provided the solution against the identified issue. The solution was brought in picture by a team of researchers from Wollongong University in New South Wales. They have introduced a much handful alternative of the existing gear boxes. They have developed amagnesium diboridesuperconducting coil to replace the gear box. The technology looks like a potential option as it was analyzed by applying the McLuhans Laws of Media. This was also identified in the assignment that the technology can effectively reinvent a fact that wind is a much cheaper and a cleaner option to produce a large amount of energy. References Adam, I. (2016). What Would McLuhan Say about the Smartphone? Applying McLuhans Tetrad to the Smartphone.Glocality,2(1). [org/10.5334/glo.9] Azad, A. K., Khan, M. M. K., Ahasan, T., Ahmed, S. F. (2014). Energy scenario: production, consumption and prospect of renewable energy in Australia.Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,2(04), 19. [org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.06.025] Behrens, S., Hayward, J., Hemer, M., Osman, P. (2012). Assessing the wave energy converter potential for Australian coastal regions.Renewable Energy,43, 210-217. [10.1063/1.3464753.] Bryan, B. A., Nolan, M., McKellar, L., Connor, J. D., Newth, D., Harwood, T., ... Grundy, M. (2016). Land-use and sustainability under intersecting global change and domestic policy scenarios: trajectories for Australia to 2050.Global Environmental Change,38, 130-152. [org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.002] Byrnes, L., Brown, C., Foster, J., Wagner, L. D. (2013). Australian renewable energy policy: Barriers and challenges.Renewable Energy,60, 711-721. [org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.06.024] Ellabban, O., Abu-Rub, H., Blaabjerg, F. (2014). Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,39, 748-764. [org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113] Katsigiannis, Y. A., Stavrakakis, G. S. (2014). Estimation of wind energy production in various sites in Australia for different wind turbine classes: A comparative technical and economic assessment.Renewable Energy,67, 230-236. [org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.11.051] Levinson, P. (2003).Digital McLuhan: A guide to the information millennium. Routledge. Miroshnichenko, A. (2016). Extrapolating on McLuhan: How Media Environments of the Given, the Represented, and the Induced Shape and Reshape Our Sensorium.Philosophies,1(3), 170-189. [10.3390/philosophies1030170] Polinder, H., Ferreira, J. A., Jensen, B. B., Abrahamsen, A. B., Atallah, K., McMahon, R. A. (2013). Trends in wind turbine generator systems.IEEE Journal of emerging and selected topics in power electronics,1(3), 174-185. [10.1002/we.1552.]

The Age of Exploration

Introduction Exploration had begun long before Christopher Columbus started off. Some studies indicate that the European explorers had discovered the New World before Columbus did in 1492. They note that the explorers of Viking Norsemen had already settled in northeast Canada around 1000 A.D. However, the exploration, or the settlement of the Viking Norsemen, had little effects on the lives of the Native Americans because these explorers soon sailed back across the Atlantic and to Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Age of Exploration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the age of the Viking Norsemen explorations, the Age of Exploration started at around the fifteenth century until the seventeenth century. Occasionally, some historians refer to this period as the Age of Discovery. It refers to the period when â€Å"Europeans began exploring the world by sea in search of trading partners, new goods, an d new trade routes†.1 Other Europeans wanted to discover much information about the new world. The pieces of information these explorers gathered during this period have been useful in enhancing geographical knowledge and understanding the world. We can only attribute this period with advancement and discoveries in human history. Most individual explorers got sponsorship from their own countries. The states wanted to explore and establish themselves in the New World. Every territory the explorers discovered was claimed by the nations as their own, which is the main contribution of the explorers in the wide context during this period. The nations that sponsored their explorers included Spain, England, Portugal, Netherland, and France among others. Factors that favored exploration European explorers became the leading players in the discovery of the New World. There were a number of factors that favored their exploration efforts which included the following. First, growth of com merce and towns in European nations gave incentives for explorations. Europeans looked for goods and luxuries such as spices and gold from Asian countries. They also wanted to show their cultures to others in foreign land. The development of towns led to changes in lifestyles as secular topics dominated, and geography and humanism were among them. Explorers wanted to challenge the existing knowledge in geography. Second, we can also attribute explorations to the religious fervor in Europe. Most of the explorers, including Christopher Columbus, Magella, and Vasco da Gama, were Christians who believed in God’s guidance during their journeys. They believed that it was their obligation to spread Christianity and win converts in the new land. Europeans also had the notion that the world was their property.2 Third, European explorers also found favors in the geographical locations of their countries. The extreme end position allowed ease of access to the East, which also encouraged trade among numerous middlemen. We can remember Ottoman Empire for establishing such strong trade routes with the East.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the disadvantaged European nations had incentives to find new trade routes to the Far East because Muslim nations tended to dominate European trade. Europe also had a strategic position for exploring both Africa and other Asian countries. Still, they had the opportunities of setting voyage across Atlantic Ocean to America. Fourth, the growth of the ship and navigation technologies encouraged Europeans to set voyages and discover the New World. The development of a compass gave sailors certainties regarding their directions. They could also calculate the latitude through the North Star and the sun using quadrants, astrolabes, and cross staff. Technological innovations also led to the invention of a chronometer for even more accur ate measurements. The ship development improved with varieties of choices and strong options to resist rocking and strong winds and waves. Shipwrights could choose from Mediterranean or Atlantic styles. Ships also had stern rudder and clinker-built hulls. Maps also played significant roles in explorations. The medieval maps had little to offer explorers. However, there were advanced improvements in maps showing locations and coastal lines. Still, such maps (portolan charts) could only serve Europe. Most sailors used lore to guide their routes. They could read the movements of birds, observe changes in color of the water, vegetation, and skies. It was not until 1500 when some decent maps came along, but sailors guarded their information.3 Key Figures in Exploration The governments of different nations had interests in foreign and new lands. Consequently, they funded and provided supplies for explorers willing to explore new areas. Explorers also had personal curiosities and interests to explore and discover unknown places. Trade in luxury goods also encouraged exploration. During this very period, nations were interested in luxury goods like gold, silk, and spices among others. Most of these nations’ interests were to find new trade routes for luxury commodities. During the period of Ottoman Empire, Europeans had no access to most areas in the Far East. This action restricted European trade with the Far East. People from Portugal were the first known explorers under Prince Henry, the Navigator during The Age of Exploration. These explorers traveled many and across wide areas. This is the time when sailors depended on portolan charts which only showed coastlines near land.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Age of Exploration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that earlier explorers never had the opportunities of sailing away from the coastlines. However, Portuguese explor ers moved further â€Å"into the sea and discovered island like the Azores in 1427†.4 Portuguese explorers also had interests in West Africa, but they needed alternative routes so as to avoid the Sahara Desert. Christopher Columbus was also famous during the Age of Exploration. Columbus’ interest was in establishing a trade route to Far East through trade routes in the west. The voyage landed him in America in 1492. Columbus shared the information with the rest of European nations. Pedro Cabral of Portugal followed and explored Brazil. This set the conflict between Portugal and Spain in claiming the new land and led to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.5 There were also Captain Cook that went to Alaska mapping new areas and Ferdinand Magellan who tried to go â€Å"around the world in his attempts to establish trade route to Asia from the Northwest Passage†.6 The diminishing of the Age of Exploration The Age of Discovery came to an end during the early periods of 17th century. This was the period after increased technological discoveries and easy navigation by Europeans across the globe. Traders established settlements along the coasts of newly discovered areas. This allowed for smooth trade and communication and marked the end of looking for trade routes. Kidner and others note: â€Å"Though the Age of Exploration ended in the 17th century, it did not stop completely during this time†.7 There were some areas that remained unexplored. These included Africa, some parts of Asia, eastern Australia, Antarctic, and Arctic. The Importance of the Age of Exploration to Geography Most of the explorations took place in efforts to find and establish new trade routes. However, the impacts of explorations affected geography significantly. Explorers who traveled to different destinations around the globe acquired new knowledge about the New World. Consequently, these explorers brought back with them this knowledge to Europe. Explorers also met new people, new land, and new cultures. Such knowledge enlightened Europe about other existing cultures. Later, Europeans wanted to spread their domination to these new people, land, and cultures.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Age of Exploration improved geographical knowledge in areas of mapping and portolan charts. For instance, Prince Henry the Navigator could sail away from the shorelines using a new nautical chart. This enabled the subsequent sailors to travel away from the land. This also resulted into the creation of the nautical map. It was the effort of explorers like Cabral, Columbus, and De Gama that polished the first nautical map. The Age of Exploration improved geographical knowledge significantly. A number of people could study new areas and expand the existing knowledge about geography. Therefore, discoveries of the explorers formed the foundation of modern geography. This period also set the pace for the European colonization and the spread Christianity. Slaves experienced the negative consequences of slavery, such as displacements, wars, starvation, and increased slave trade. Diseases also claimed several lives of slaves. The population of the natives also reduced dramatically as dea th and displacement resulted in a diminishing number of people. Europeans also spread their culture of Christianity to other land and people. This made Christianity the world’s largest religion until today. Christianity became the main strategy of colonization Europeans used to capture new territories and form their colonies.8 Bibliography Casas Las De, Bartolome. Apologetic History of the Indies (1566): Sources of the West, Volume I. Edited by Mark A. Kishlansky New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. Columbus, Christopher. Letter from the First Voyage (1493): Sources of the West, Volume I. Edited by Mark A. Kishlansky. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. Hugh, Thomas. Rivers of gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2003. Kidner, Frank et al. â€Å"Europe’s Age of Expansion 1450-1550†. Making Europe, People, Politics, and Culture, Volume I to 1790. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009. Schneider, Thomas. Brutal journ ey: the epic story of the first crossing of north America. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2006. Footnotes 1 Thomas Schneider, Brutal journey: the epic story of the first crossing of north America (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2006), 139 2 Christopher Columbus, Letter from the First Voyage (1493): Sources of the West, Volume I, ed. Mark A. Kishlansky (New York: Pearson Longman, 2006), 244-247. 3 Bartolome Casas Las De, Apologetic History of the Indies (1566): Sources of the West, Volume I, ed. Mark A. Kishlansky (New York: Pearson Longman, 2006), 251-255. 4 Thomas Hugh, Rivers of gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan (New York: Random House, 2003), 280-289. 5 See note 1 above 6 See note 4 above 7 Frank Kidner et al, â€Å"Europe’s Age of Expansion 1450-1550†. Making Europe, People, Politics, and Culture, Volume I to 1790 (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009), 348-379. 8 See note 7 above This essay on The Age of Exploration was written and submitted by user Myla Sampson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strategic Development of Apple Corporation

Strategic Development of Apple Corporation Executive Summary This paper dwells upon strategic development of Apple and contains certain recommendation on implementation of the most appropriate strategy. The company is famous for its innovative approach and high quality of products and services provided.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Strategic Development of Apple Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the corporation holds quite a small market share and some researchers note that the company should expand. Researchers refer to growth of such markets as South America and Asia. It is stressed that Apple could benefit from producing products for millions of potential customers at lower prices to make Apple products more available. Nonetheless, this approach is unlikely to be effective as it may lead to loss of the market share Apple has now. Appearance of Apple in the market of low-priced consumer electronics will make it develop new strate gies to remain competitive in the market where Asian (Chinese and Indian) companies produce very cheap products. Therefore, the company has to focus on innovations. The present evaluation is based on secondary research. Works on Apple’s strategic development are analyzed and certain recommendations on how to improve the strategy used are provided. The present research may lack for data on the company’s expenditures but available information on Apple’s revenues illustrates effectiveness of the strategy employed.. Recommendations provided include the following. The new strategy should be comprehensive and involve research, innovation, quality and social responsibility. The company has to produce really innovative products which would shape and redefine the market. The use of green technology and contributing to development of communities will enable the company maintain its favorable image among its customers. Introduction Apple is one of the most successful compa nies and it is famous for its effective strategic development. The corporation managed to remain one of the leading producers of consumer electronics and software even after the recession and financial crisis of 2008. It is necessary to note that the company has to operate in one of the most competitive markets, the market of consumer electronics. This industry is booming and companies all over the world are trying to enter it and occupy certain niche. It is noteworthy that Apple is facing hard competition on the part of Asian companies that produce cheaper devices with similar options. At present, Apple again has to choose an appropriate strategy.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, before going into detail on the strategic development, it is important to mention major peculiarities of the company, its history and market. Apple announced that its revenue for second quarter of 2014 (ended in March) was $45.6 billion (Apple reports, 2014). The company is growing and its profits are increasing accordingly. Apple is famous for its â€Å"impressive† products: iPad, iPod nano, iPhone, Apple TV, iPod touch, MacBook, MacMini and so on (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2012, p. 16). The company started in 1976 as a computer business and has provided innovative products, which is regarded as one of its strategies and advantages. In 2003, Steve Jobs, a charismatic leader, introduced one of Apple’s products iTunes Online Music Store as a â€Å"turning point for the music industry† and â€Å"landmark stuff† which could not be overestimated (Hitt et al., 2012, p. 16). Jobs was right as it was a great success. It is noteworthy that the company had an inspiring leader who set the major strategic path for the business. After Jobs, Apple still has really effective leaders: Tim Cook, Craig Federighi and Jony Ive. These executives share Jobs’ vision and keep focusing on their high end share of the market. Apple is a globally operating company with over 50,000 employees and it has a vertical structure (Daft, 2014). Admittedly, it is difficult to have a horizontal structure for a global business. It is also important to note that the market of consumer electronics is very competitive. Thus, Apple’s iPhone has to compete with products of such companies as Samsung Electronics, Motorola, Nokia. As far as computing and software is concerned, the company has such competitions as Google, Microsoft, Micromax (India) and Xiaomi (China) (Grobart, 2013). It is necessary to add that the market of smartphones is quite saturated with cheap products produced in Asia. Worstall (2013) stresses that a phone at $700 is unlikely to compete with a smartphone sold for $200 and $300 especially in such markets as China, India, Brazil and Russia. Therefore, researchers see two major strategies applicable for Apple.Adver tising We will write a custom term paper sample on Strategic Development of Apple Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategic Issues These strategies are concerned with the choice of the market share for the company. At present, Apply occupies quite a small share of the market. Apple’s products are seen as luxury and exclusive devices and services. The use of these products suggests that the user pertains to a specific group of privileges consumers (or simply lives in a developed country with strong economy). As Cook puts it, â€Å"There is always a large junk part of the market† (as cited in Grobart, 2013). Leaders of Apple tend to remain in their niche and do not think about expanding to larger markets. Nonetheless, some researchers see another option. They stress that Asian, South American and Russian markets are becoming a target for many companies. For instance, Worstall (2013) stresses that the potentia l of consumer electronics BRIC region (which includes Brazil, Russia, India and China) is increasing and people are more willing to by app-capable devices. Admittedly, people living in the area will not pay $700 for a phone as they have numerous cheaper alternatives produced in China and India. Notably, Apple is capable of reducing some costs and providing cheaper products. Nonetheless, Apple can lose its status of a company providing exclusive products and services. At that, researchers emphasizes that even though the company can introduce cheaper products they will be still unable to compete with $100-200 devices. Brief Literature Review Innovation There are numerous ideas on strategic development and each company can choose the best option in accordance with its goals and values. Jaruzelski and Dehoff (2010) claim that Apple has always used a strategy of innovation. The researchers stress that Steve Jobs did not try to make the company’s products cheaper or more available to consumers as he wanted to make innovative things that could change the market and the world.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This strategy made the company one of the leaders in the global market and many companies are trying to keep up with standards set by Apple. Jaruzelski and Dehoff (2010) consider experience of successful companies operating in different markets and infer that the strategy of innovation is winning in the contemporary business world. Heracleous (2013) calls the strategy used by Apple the Quantum Strategy. According to the researcher, it implies â€Å"the ability to balance intense efficiency in operations with outstanding serial innovation and addictive product design† which â€Å"command premium pricing and redefine markets† (Heracleous, 2013, p. 92). The researcher evaluates the strategy used and concludes that it is effective as the company remains the leader and has its small (but profitable) market share. Importantly, the researcher stresses that this strategy enables Apple (as well as other companies using the same strategy) are able to set trends and standards and , as a result, they are one step forward. Davis and Olson (2008) also emphasize effectiveness of such way of development and notes that most successful companies employ the strategy of innovation. The researchers also add that it can be difficult to utilize this strategy as it needs significant funds especially when it comes to RD department. Nonetheless, the innovative approach helps companies achieve high results as well. Other Components of Success It is noteworthy that apart from innovation, researchers acknowledge that operational excellence is also central to the company’s success. Sharma (2012) argues that Jobs inspiring vision and focus on innovations could not ensure Apple’s success which was achieved by a combination of innovative approaches and operational excellence. According to the researcher, the company is successful as high quality and precision are major values shared by employees. Loads of companies choose this strategy and focus on quality and its i mage. They are valued for these characteristics and customers eagerly buy their products. Clearly, this approach is appropriate for many industries but consumer electronics is not one of these spheres. This industry is evolving rapidly and a company which fails to introduce new products often loses its customers. Jaruzelski, Loehr and Holman (2011) also mention the importance of an effective culture. Apple is famous for its culture based on principles of innovation attention to details, excellence and responsibility. The authors note that culture is a key to successful implementation of innovative strategies. The researchers stress that culture is a set of principles all employees follow. Employees of Apple share company’s values and the corporation manages to come up with new products periodically. Analysis of the Strategic Issue Winning a Larger Market Share As has been mentioned above Apple is facing a strategic issue. The company is growing and entering new markets as exp ansion is one of the most effective ways any successful company chooses (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble Strickland, 2012). It is possible to expan in a number of ways. For such global corporation as Apple entering new markets is beneficial. Apple is already operating in developing countries but still occupies rather small market share. To ensure profitability and growing revenue, the company may choose to introduce cheap devices and occupy a larger market share. As has been mentioned above, many companies choose this approach in order to obtain millions of new customers in such regions as South America, Asia and Russia where vast majority of people cannot afford expensive products. The choice of this strategy will lead to sub-issues such as reducing costs and marketing new products. Thus, Apple will have to invest into development of cheaper models of existing devices or new cheap devices. Thus, RD costs will increase but there are chances that it will be impossible to reduce the price of existing products or new products to $100-200. More so, products at such prices will hardly differ from those provided by other companies (in China or India). Furthermore, development of cheaper products may extrude attempts to produce innovative products and services. There are chances that Apple will lose its status of a producers of innovative and luxury electronics and will lose its value. It will inevitably become one of many companies producing affordable products and will have to compete with a variety of other producers. The company’s marketing managers will have to come up with a wide advertising campaign and a marketing strategy to introduce new cheaper products. The company will have to make people know that Apple products have become more affordable. The use of this strategy will also require the change in the company’s corporate culture. The company has focused on innovation and exclusiveness. These values are inappropriate for a company that aims to ge t a larger market share and sell more affordable devices. Admittedly, all these changes need additional investment. All in all, this strategy is associated with too many risks and doubtful benefits. A larger market share will enable the corporation to increase its revenue due to sales volumes. Nonetheless, low prices of products and services will not lead to significant increase in profits. More so, the company risks entering a market with significant competition and, at the same time, lose its advantageous competitiveness. Therefore, this strategy is unlikely to be successful and should not be implemented. Holding the Same Market Share Another option is to stick to old strategies. Thus, Apple may hold its market share and remain a global producer of innovative and exclusive products. This strategy was already checked twice during severe crises within the company (Sharma, 2012). Adherence to the old strategy will involve significant investment into RD as the corporation will focus o n producing new innovative products. However, this investment will lead to increase in revenue as Apple’s customers are eager to buy from the company as they get something more than a device. They get a sense of being a part of a community of people who value innovation and quality (and those who can afford it). Marketing of new products will also need additional investment. People should know about novelties. However, this advertising is likely to be successful as customers will learn about a new innovative product which they will want to purchase. It is noteworthy that the company’s culture will not be changed and such values as quality, innovation and responsibility will be promoted. Admittedly, effective culture often translates into success. Discussion Methods Used The present assessment is based on the secondary research. Works on strategic development of Apple and its performance as well as data available on the official website are analyzed. Evaluation of the s trategy used is based on analysis of its effectiveness. It is possible to note that the use of this methodology can be associated with certain limitations. Hence, such research may lack for data on the company’s expenditures (especially when it comes to RD) as the works used contain information on revenues rather than losses. Nonetheless, the corporation’s revenues suggest that the strategy which is being used is effective and there is no need to choose another path. Though, it is possible to highlight some spheres in Apple’s strategic development which may need improvement. Research It is necessary to note that the company’s leaders emphasize their adherence to their old strategy of innovation. They do not intend to try to compete with low-priced products in emerging markets. The company’s CEO argues, â€Å"We are not in the junk business† (as cited Grobart, 2013, n.p.). As has been mentioned above, this strategy has proved to be effective and, hence, it is no time to change it. Admittedly, the company is growing and its revenues increase, but it is essential to continue developing and innovating (Thompson et al., 2012). Therefore, the strategy should be based on the principle of innovation and precision. In the first place, the company should focus on development of a number of innovative products and services. It has been acknowledged that Steve Jobs always felt what would be successful among customers (Hitt et al., 2012). However, serious competition requires more specific data than senses or beliefs. Thus, the company needs to invest into marketing research. It is essential to understand what customers expect and what exactly they need when they are buying this or that device. It can be beneficial to find out what customers value in Apple products and services. It is possible to implement an internal research but it is better to address a marketing research company which can provide information on the global marke t rather than a particular country. RD Apple’s RD department is very effective as it has come up with a variety of innovative devices. Nonetheless, it is possible to invest into further development of the department. The company employs more than 50,000 people worldwide and it can be a good strategy to launch a wide training campaign. Employees from different countries have to participate in mutual projects. Employees from abroad can travel to the USA and work on major projects. This can facilitate development of the company’s RD. The company has had certain criticism on development of different models which do not differ significantly from previous ones. Thus, Daft (2014) notes that it is difficult to come up with innovative products and companies often try to modify products which have already become hits. However, extensive modification will lead to customers’ tiredness and dissatisfaction. It is important to introduce genuinely innovative products as well as services as this will attract new customers and will satisfy needs of loyal ones. Quality The strategic development of the company should also involve particular attention to the products’ quality. It is well-known that Steve Jobs â€Å"routinely† returned products to the laboratory and emphasized that â€Å"Apple must build the best products, period† (Hitt et al., 2012). This should be a motto for each employee and a part of the company’s culture. Quality control of the company has to be strict and no flaws can be allowed in products sold. This is one of advantageous peculiarities of the company and it is essential to maintain this image. Marketing As has been mentioned above, this strategy does not require excessive advertising. However, each new product has to be advertised through the Internet, TV and print sources. The focus of each advertisement should be innovative nature of the product. Existing and potential customers have to associate the compa ny with innovation and development. Social Responsibility Some companies focus on revenue or RD and fail to be socially responsible. Apple should remain a responsible corporation which contributes into development of communities. Development of new products has to be implemented with specific attention to environmental or social projects. The use of green technology also pertains to innovations and this is a beneficial direction for the company (Hitt et al., 20). Social responsibility of Apple is another advantage of the corporation and this should remain unchanged. Conclusion On balance, it is possible to state that Apple is now facing the need to choose whether the corporation tries to get a larger market share or remain in its niche and continues producing innovative products. Analysis of works on strategic development of the company suggests that Apple should adhere to its old strategy as it proved to be successful. It is associated with fewer risks and it is likely to keep the company in its leading position. The strategy should be comprehensive as it cannot be confined to a vague concept of innovation. Thus, the corporation will have to invest into RD and control departments to ensure that the products provided are innovative and high-quality. Apple will also have to pay attention to proper marketing of new products and it is essential to focus on such concepts as quality, innovation, exclusiveness and social responsibility. Finally, the company has to be involved in a variety of social and environmental projects. The use of green technologies and contributing to development of communities (especially in regions where the company operates) should also be a part of strategic development of Apple. The use of this strategy will enable the company to maintain its status of an innovative company which shapes people’s ideas on electronics, software and life. Reference List Apple reports second quarter results. (2014). Retrieved from apple.com/pr/library /2014/04/23Apple-Reports-Second-Quarter-Results.html Daft, R. (2014). The leadership experience. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Davis, A., Olson, E.M. (2008). Critical competitive strategy issues every entrepreneur should consider before going into business. Business Horizons, 51(1), 211-221. Grobart, S. (2013, September 19). Apple chiefs discuss strategy, market share – and the new iPhones. Bloomberg Business week. Retrieved from businessweek.com/articles/2013-09-19/cook-ive-and-federighi-on-the-new-iphone-and-apples-once-and-future-strategy Heracleous, L. (2013). Quantum strategy at Apple Inc. Organizational Dynamics, 42(1), 92-99. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. (2012). Strategic management cases: Competitiveness and globalization. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Jaruzelski, B., Dehoff, K. (2010). How the top innovators keep winning. The Global Innovation 1000, 61(1), 1-16. Retrieved from strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Strategyand_Global_Innovation_1000_2010_How_Top_ Innovators_Keep_Winning.pdf Jaruzelski, B., Loehr, J., Holman, R. (2011). Why culture is key. The Global Innovation 1000, 65(1), 1-16. Retrieved from strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Strategyand-Global-Innovation-1000-2011-Culture-Key.pdf Sharma, A. (2012). As Apple’s success attests, operational excellence isn’t everything, but it is essential. Strategic Vision. Retrieved from tbmcg.com.cn/misc_assets/newsletter/OpEx_0812_Apples_Success.pdf Thompson, A.A., Peteraf, M.A., Gamble, J.E., Strickland, A.J. (2012). Crafting and Executing Strategy. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Publishers. Worstall, T. (2013, January 18). Apple’s basic strategic problem: Market share or profit margin? Forbes. Retrieved from forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2013/01/18/apples-basic-strategic-problem-market-share-or-profit-margin/

With reference to Bourdieu's theory of distinction and other Essay

With reference to Bourdieu's theory of distinction and other relevant theorists on social class, give a detailed example of how a specific habitus shapes consumer behaviour - Essay Example In this status hierarchy a person develops his/her social class. With reference to 1960s -70s France; Pierre Bourdieu has analysed the society in great detail. He worked on how the knowledge and usage of different cultural relics have shaped over time. In addition to this he also examined how people develop certain taste for food, clothing, music and their overall lifestyle. Bourdieu also studied the uncountable struggles between various classes and the emergence of their fragmentation in today’s capitalist society. He taught people how to alter their perceptions and expectations when they are at a stage of the hierarchy and at the same time he provided options to people to compete for the class position they desire (Bourdieu, 1984). Some of the concepts explained by Bourdieu are clarified in the following section. â€Å"The projection of capital on to a particular axis with an aim to create a constant, linear and homogenous series which helps in identifying the social hierarchy involves a tough operation. In doing this, various types of capital are brought down to one single standard. This theoretical phenomenon has an objective foundation; exchange rates differ according to the power relation amongst the owners of the capital (Giddens, 1994). There is a prerequisite for reducing the spaces between the capital to one dimension, however, if someone willingly converts the capital, the creation of a two-dimensional space clarifies that the importance of exchange rates. Therefore, Bourdieu has extended the phenomenon of capital on the basis of an underlying idea in which capital is converted in normal sense. Although Bourdieu has not explicitly spelled out the foundation of different types of capitals and their conversion rates; they can be deduced by further researches. Capital is capable of bu ilding a relation between two people in a particular social space, but this principle does not necessarily create an absolute order of the society, along

Chinese Foreign Currency Reserves Swell by Record Amount Article

Chinese Foreign Currency Reserves Swell by Record Amount - Article Example This article tries to raise public alarm over the swelling foreign exchange reserve levels of China and how this contributes to the country’s â€Å"worsening inflation problem† (Bradsher, 2011). This has to do with its effect on the renminbi’s exchange rate vis a vis the US dollar.   A high level of reserves causes the renminbi to appreciate against the dollar.   The problem is this will make China’s substantial exports more expensive; thus, losing its competitive advantage.  Ã‚   This then could lead to the loss of jobs by millions of people working in the export industry.   This led to China’s central bank’s decision to keep the value of its currency low.   To do this, it prints renminbi at a â€Å"furious pace in order to buy the dollars and euros† that come in through trade surpluses and foreign investment (Bradsher, 2011).   However, this spawns another problem.   The additional renminbi issued causes the money suppl y in the country to rise even further.   What was not discussed in the article is the direct impact of the level of money supply on inflation.   A high level of money supply circulating in the economy causes aggregate demand to rise.   This increased demand for goods and services is what pushes general prices to go up. Looking at China’s foreign reserve levels, in the third quarter of 2010, it increased by $194 million.   In the fourth quarter, it jumped by $199 million to raise the total to $2.85 trillion.   This increase was much larger than what economists had expected.   During this time, China â€Å"doubled its intervention in the currency markets to about $2 billion a day† (Bradsher, 2011).   And so, the country’s money supply was 19.7 percent higher in December than a year earlier. The increase in money supply though is not solely due to the central bank’s efforts to keep the value of the renminbi in check.   Banking loans have also risen and measures taken by the central bank to slow down lending, primarily by increasing bank reserve requirements have proven to be ineffective.

The Main Purpose of Accounting Essay Example for Free

The Main Purpose of Accounting Essay Keeping track of transactions and recording revenue and expenses are an important process, often assigned to an accounting department or a financial manager. Accounting allows companies to provide reports and insights needed to make sound financial decisions. The main purpose of accounting is to identify and record all activities of the income and the outcome that will affect the organisation financially. All activities, including purchases, sales, the capital and interest earned from investments are recorded in ledgers or journals. Entrepreneurs have to understand and complete a variety of business functions. An important business function when starting a business is accounting. Although many entrepreneurs may have to deal with stacks of financial documents but accounting often provides entrepreneurs with the clearest picture of their businesses success. Entrepreneurs must also keep records regarding the business start-up for tax and legal purposes. Filing records like these with great organisation will help run the business more efficiently and responsibly. Why is it important to keep accurate financial records, and how will this help the entrepreneur? Financial records will become very important when the tax season comes but they are also important in the day to day business. Preparing financial statements such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements are important because they show how successful the business is, an income statement list revenues and expenses for the business. Accounting how much income is coming in from all channels, it can include accounts receivable, sales, etc. These items are the business revenues. Expenses should be clear because they are everything that is paid out of the business including the operating expenses, the difference between these will be the net income. To help the entrepreneur in the business, financial records should always be up to date so that it can display an accurate snapshot of the business at any time, this way the entrepreneur won’t have to back track, always keeping the business accounting affairs in order. What is meant by revenue and expenditure?  Revenue is for the business. This is the total amount of money received by the business for goods sold or services provided during a certain time period. In terms of reporting revenue in a businesses financial statement, different businesses may consider revenue to be received in different ways. For example, revenue could be received when a deal is signed, when the money is received or when the services are provided. Expenditure is spending money in order to create future benefits, which means that the money is being spent on a fixed asset, or on making sure that an existing asset has its useful life extended beyond the life of the current tax year. This could be equipment, property or industrial buildings. The difference between capital and revenue expenditure is that capital expenditure results in an addition to an asset to the business, however revenue expenditure results in an addition to the expense account. Capital expenditures are payments for asset additions and replacements. Revenue expenditures benefit a current period and are made for maintaining assets with routine repairs or replacement of a small part. A capital expenditure will benefit two or more accounting periods and expenses for future accounting periods. Revenue expenditure will cause an understatement of net income in that year. When expensing an item, it goes into the expense side of the income records where as capitalising an item will be processed on the total balance sheet. Revenue income and Capital income Capital income is money coming in from the owner of the business or outside investors for the business. It is used to buy things that will stay in the business for a long time, for example the business building, vehicles or equipment which is initially referred to assets. Revenue income is money coming in from selling goods and providing a day to day service. The main sources are; sales, rent received or commission received. The types of Capital income to expect to incur are such things as: Loans- The amount of money lent to the business from the bank. The lump sum the bank offer to give you has to be paid back in lump sums, at certain amounts, per month over the time period given. The bank will add a monthly interest onto the loan which is usually a percent of the amount borrowed. These monthly  payments need to be paid back, even if the business does not succeed. Mortgages- Mortgages are similar to loans, but tend to give out longer time periods to pay the lump sum back. To secure the mortgages you will need to put assets on line. This is usually the property you used the mortgage to pay for. The types of Revenue income to expect to incur are such things as: Sales- Or sales revenue is money coming into the business from the sales of or services. The sales can be paid for cash, which is the more comment payment, be paid by debit card or credit of the store, being paid for later on. Rent received- A business that owns property and chargers others to use all of or part of the property. The business will receive rent from this inhibitor. Commission received- A business that may sell products or services as a part of another business. For each sale they will make a percentage of what the customer pays for that sale. This percent is called commissions.

B.F. Skinner :: essays research papers

B.F. Skinner Skinner believed in Behavioristic theories. When studying behaviorist theories you investigate the role of learning in the development of personality. The psychologist study conditions and situations that affect the learning of behavior. Skinner defines personality in terms of behavior. B.F. Skinner was born March 20, 1904, in the small Pennsylvania town of Susquehanna. His father was a lawyer, and his mother a strong and intelligent housewife. His childhood was old-fashioned and hard-working. He wanted to be a writer and did try, sending off poetry and short stories. When he graduated, he built a study in his parents’ attic to concentrate, but it just wasn’t working for him. At Harvard he got his masters in psychology in 1930 and his doctorate in 1931, and stayed there to do research until 1936. He was perhaps the most celebrated psychologist since Sigmund Freud. His first theory was of reinforcement. When a behavior is reinforced, or rewarded the chances of that happening again are likely. He is saying by reinforcement if the person knows they will get rewarded for it they will continue to do it. Skinner noted that the learning process should be divided into "a very large number of very small steps and reinforcement must be contingent upon the accomplishment of each step." Skinner also stated that by making the steps of learning small, the frequency of reinforcement can be increased and the frequency of being wrong is reduced. Another theory was that of punishment. He says in this way he does not approve. Skinner says that punishing a child for something will make him not do it again and that is good in some cases, but what if your parents are abusive. He says that the theory of rewarding is the way to go and punishment is not strengthening behavior, it is lessening the likelihood of that behavior to happen again.

Identity In Wide Sargasso Sea English Literature Essay

Family individuality is besides greatly involved in this novel. For illustration, Mr. Rochester origins from a rich household, but he did non inherited the belongings from his male parent possibly because of the belongings was inherited by his senior siblings. He come to Granbois to seek his ain luck, his matrimony with Antoinette was arranged by his male parent and Richard Mason, so that he will acquire the 30 thousand lbs from Antoinette which she inherited from Mr. Mason. His male parent purpose was to do certain that the Rochester household will hold extremely position where most of the household are rich. As for Antoinette, she have two first name which is Mason and Cosway because her female parent married two times. Mr. Mason is a rich adult male where he has a boy, Richard, even though Antoinette is non Mr. Mason ain girl but he liked her and give her half of his belongings but Richard are non satisfied with his male parent determination because he thinks that the rumor from A ntoinette ‘s household will dishonor his household name, so he make up one's mind to take away Antoinette belongings. Beside of cultural individuality, Antoinette and Rochester besides have the cultural individuality. For illustration, they have the similar instruction back land which they are taught to in Christian, they were taught to read book and live in an white ‘s work forces manner where they learn to dance and imbibe vino, this shows that they patterns the really same civilization. Although Antoinette patterns some of the white ‘s work forces civilization but she besides patterns the civilization from Caribbean which is largely believe by the black people. For illustration, Antoinette believed in obi, Caribbean signifier of the faith Voodoo, some sort of superstitious because Christophine, Antoinette ‘s alternate female parent present her to the Caribbean civilization and to obeah. This can be proven when Antoinette ask Christophine to do love potion for her, so that Rochester will love her. Besides Antoinette besides likes to bath in the natural bathing pool merely like th e other people live in Granbois but Richard are non used to these because to him those things looks like in dream he is afraid of that, he do non desire to acquire used to this state of affairs, he feels that England is his topographic point, their matrimony have causes civilization mismatch which leads to a calamity.2. How does the writer of the prescribed text nowadays the thought that being at odds with society ‘s values involves hazard but following with those values can besides be harmful?There are two society involved in Wide Sargasso Sea which is Caribbean ‘s society and Western ‘s society. Different society will hold different values, for illustration the Western ‘s society wage more facets in civilize people, wealth, position and spiritual life but the Caribbean society ‘s wage more facets in hatred, retaliation and justness. The writer prescribe it by utilizing Annette as an illustration. Annette as a color individual and patterns the really same civilization of Caribbean people but she is married to a white adult male and he is a slave proprietor, when Annette married him, she is taking hazard which is really important because of the bondage job, most of the black people hates the white people and there comes some chitchat from the people at Coulibri, Mr. Cosway estate stating that the adult male she married is excessively old for her and so when Mr. Cosway died, Annette and her household were discriminated by the other people for 5 old ages until she is married once more. The Caribbean society ‘s dislike white people for they treaten them, so they will detest their people marry white people and this is the hazard Annette is taking, she knew that this will be the effects when she is married to a white adult male. However, Annette did non follow with the Caribbean society ‘s values because sh e knows that it will non make any good, when she is married to Mr. Cosway, she understand the white people better and therefore leads her to an more open-minded individual. I besides thinks that she does non wants her kid comply with those values at that specific clip, enviousness, hatred and vindictive. When Annette married to Mr. Mason, her 2nd matrimony, she makes the colored people live around Coulibri even hates her and as the effects, they burn Annette house and Pierre is dead, a greatly risk so. As for the Western ‘s values, we can see it in the Mason and Rochester households. To them wealthy symbollise their position, Mr. Rochester father wants him to happen his ain luck and this significantly shows that wealthy to them is their position. Rochester prove that this is their society values when he wants to get married Antoinette for her money and the money are given to him without any inquiry. We can besides see this value in Richard Mason, he do non wants his step-sister to hold the same position as him and so he decided to set up a matrimony for her so that her money will give to person else. The western ‘s society besides judge a individual from their apparels, the manner of speech production and manners. For illustration, Mr. Rochester dislike Christophine for a few ground. Christophine spoke in a linguistic communication that Mr. Rochester dislike, Christophine describe that the xanthous tea drinks by the English work forces as xanthous Equus caballus urine and the frock she is have oning which is soiled makes Rochester thinks that is non a clean wont. Christophine knows that the immature maestro, Mr. Rochester dislike her, she knows that she will ne'er follow with the Western ‘s values and so she left the house because she besides knew that Rochester will trail her house at last. Even though her action did non harm herself but she did non believe of the effects when she left Antoinette and Antoinette was the 1 who are harmed.

The West Human Rights - 1445 Words

In the West human rights were born in the modern age as a result of the Industrial Revolution and thrived in the age of the â€Å"liberal state.† With the establishment and consolidation of modern democratic political structure since the late eighteenth century, the value of individual freedom was substantiated and power of individuals recognized. Consequently, the mentality instilled in people for centuries that the sovereignty belongs to the ruler broke off and was replaced by the new mindset that the nation is rooted in people. It was John Locke (1632-1704) who first set rights on the political agenda. He asserted that every man has the right â€Å"to preserve his life, liberty and estate† (Locke, 1962, p. 87). This ideal was later echoed and†¦show more content†¦The fact that the concept of human rights originated in the West does not undermine its universal applicability. The creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) signifies the recogn ition of human rights across the world. Forty-eight states voted in favor of the adoption of the UDHR in 1948. By 2011 the number of United Nations member-states had increased to 193 (United Nations Human Rights, 2014). However, in reality the confrontation between universalism and cultural relativism as to whether human rights are universally applicable underlies the discussion of human rights in theory and practice. The rationale behind the universalist interpretation of human rights is that its genuine concern for human dignity and flourishing finds echoes in all cultures, religions, and traditions that have survived the transition to the modern era. In contrast, the theory of cultural relativism holds that an individual’s beliefs and activities can only be comprehended in terms of their own culture; therefore there are no objective standards by which others can be judged. Thus, moral values are historically and culturally specific rather than universal. Jack Donnelly (198 9), a renowned human rights scholar, maintained that cultural relativism in reality had little to do with local or indigenous cultures and often